Experimental investigation on gasification characteristics of polycarbonate (PC) microplastics in supercritical water

In order to solve the problem of marine microplastics and realize the harmless resource utilization of plastics, the gasification experiments of polycarbonate (PC) microplastics were carried out in supercritical water and a novel seawater gasification of microplastic experiment was investigated. In this paper, the effects of different operating conditions (temperature, time, feedstock concentration, pressure) on gasification performance were discussed. The gasification kinetic of microplastics in supercritical water was calculated. The experimental results showed that the increase in gasification temperature and time enhanced the cracking reaction and free radical reaction of the microplastics to increase the gasification efficiency, while the reduction in feedstock concentration improved the gasification efficiency by increasing the gasification level of unit feedstock. The change in pressure had no significant effect on gasification due to the fact that the properties of the supercritical water were not significantly changed. It was found that the valuable results that all alkali metal salts in seawater promote hydrogen conversion, while in terms of carbon conversion, only KCl, CaCl₂, NaHCO₃ and seawater had a significant catalytic effect on the gasification. Seawater gasification of microplastics was a potential resource utilization method. Finally, it was considered that the PC plastic gasification conformed to the random nucleation and subsequent growth model (n = 3), and the reaction activation energy was 230.45 kJ/mol, which was smaller than that of traditional pyrolysis.     

膨润土钻井液深钻技术在渤海某油田的应用

通过分析渤海某油田的沉积环境、地质油藏概况和优化井身结构及井眼轨迹,优选钠基膨润土,添加增黏剂、烧碱和纯碱等添加剂提高动、静切力和确保p H值大于10,并在淡水配制后让充分水化形成的膨润土钻井液深钻至馆陶组(垂深2 000 m左右),实现了快速钻进,钻速由50~70 m/h提高至90~100 m/h,扩大了上部井段的井径(由?342.9 mm扩至?374.65mm)、减少了起下钻和下套管作业的阻卡风险,而且节约了钻井液成本,形成了渤海油田降本增效和钻井提效典型技术。     

海底用喷涂聚氨酯硬泡保温配重管的节点补口技术

针对海洋油气输送用聚氨酯硬泡喷涂保温配重管铺设过程中节点补口进行改进研究,介绍了一种聚氨酯硬泡喷涂保温配重管节点结构和施工工艺。主要采用聚氨酯硬泡保温半瓦和浇注聚氨酯弹性体进行节点补口,节点补口性能测试验证效果良好,满足海底油气管道铺设要求。     

Assessment of supercritical water gasification of food waste under the background of waste sorting: Influences of plastic waste contents

Waste sorting is being gradually implemented as a key measure for circular and sustainable development in China, food waste will be separately collected and separated from municipal solid waste (MSW), thus the plastic content in food waste also will be reduced. In this study, supercritical water gasification (SCWG) of food waste with different contents of plastic (0–3.5 wt%) was experimentally investigated to simulate the influence of waste sorting on the food waste treatment. The results showed that lower plastic content in food waste favored higher gas yield and gasification efficiencies. The highest H₂ yield and total gas yield were 3.11 mol/kg and 8.41 mol/kg in the plastic-free case, respectively. When the plastic content decreased from 3.5 wt% to 0 wt%, the cold gas efficiency (CGE), carbon conversion efficiency (CE) and hydrogen gasification efficiency (HE) increased by 125.97%, 173.48% and 94.09%, respectively. However, lower plastic content negatively affected the quality of produced syngas through decreasing H₂ mole fraction and LHV. The solid residues from SCWG of food waste with lower plastic content had higher ratio of fixed carbon to volatile matter (FC/VM). Based on the analysis of pyrolysis properties and combustion behavior, decreasing the plastic content in food waste helped to improve the thermal stability of solid residues. Moreover, lower plastic content resulted in a decrease of total organic carbon (TOC) concentration in liquid effluent, which is favorable for further treatment of liquid effluent.     

渤海JZ9-3WHPB平台冰激振动测量与分析

为掌握JZ9-3WHPB平台的动力特性,根据该平台结构特点设计安装了具有远程控制功能的平台冰激振动监测系统,对振动信号实施实时监测和记录。利用短时傅里叶变换对振动信号进行分析,研究结构振动时变特征和模态频率特征。通过比较上下甲板振动信号的相位关系以及信号的滤波处理,分析所测得振动模态的振型特点。在对振动最大值、振动持续时间以及平台水域潮流潮位进行统计分析的基础上,结合平台结构设计,分析了平台的抗冰设计缺陷,给出了防冰建议。     

绥中36-1油田注入井欠注原因及治理建议

绥中36-1油田欠注井占总注入井井数的23%,主要是注入压力高导致欠注。对该油田储层特征、注水水质、注聚井堵塞物等因素进行分析,剖析注入压力高的原因。研究表明:储层胶结疏松、泥质含量高、微粒易运移、水敏性强是储层欠注内在因素。外因主要是注水水质超标、管壁腐蚀结垢严重、聚合物吸附堵塞。通过加强腐蚀研究工作、水质分级控制、除铁杀菌以及优化加药系统等措施可有效控制注水水质。注水井酸化体系中强化对Fe、O、S等元素化合物的溶蚀,注聚系统通过加多重滤网过滤并运用复合型化学解堵剂进行解堵可有效解除注入井堵塞,达到增注的目的。     

聚驱油田产出聚合物对注入水水质的影响实验研究

采用常规水质分析方法测定了产出聚合物对注入水主要水质指标产生的影响,结合原子力显微镜、环境扫描电镜等微观分析手段,直观地展示了滤膜悬浮物的形貌特征。研究表明：产出聚合物以絮凝或包裹水中细粒的悬浮物形成絮团的形式使注入水悬浮物含量显著增加,含聚污水乳化层的存在导致含油率测定值偏低,同时产出聚合物还导致注入水结垢速率与腐蚀率增加,且产出聚合物浓度越高,注入水水质变化趋势越明显。     

超压和富氢背景下镜质组反射率计算模型——以渤海湾盆地渤中西次凹东三段烃源岩为例

在考虑富氢和超压对镜质组反射率的抑制作用下,对传统仅考虑了温度和时间的镜质组反射率计算模型——Easy%R_o模型进行了重新校正。通过引进富氢校正系数和超压抑制系数,建立起适合双重抑制背景下镜质组反射率计算模型,并利用渤海湾盆地渤中西次凹受双重抑制作用和未受双重抑制作用影响的镜质组反射率R_o实测资料,确定了相关参数。模拟结果表明,在双重抑制作用影响的地层中,镜质组反射率R_o的模拟值与实测值吻合较好,但与Easy%R_o模型的计算结果相差悬殊,双重抑制作用对R_o的影响可达0.2%~0.4%。超压抑制了有机质热演化,导致生烃门限下移和生烃时间延迟,这非常有利于油气晚期成藏。      

渤海油田尾管井高效洗井技术

尾管井是渤海油田常见的一种井型,由于套管尺寸变化,刮管洗井需要下入两种钻具和刮管器,底部钻具内径小、摩阻高,洗井排量可能无法满足携带井底水泥块等杂质的最低返速要求,导致洗井不干净,影响后期完井作业。该文从渤海某油田尾管井洗井难点着手,分析总结了影响尾管井洗井效果的因素,创新引进多功能过滤器及分段洗井循环通路转换工具以达到高效洗井的目的,形成了包括尾管井洗井方式优选、洗井管柱优化和高效洗井液的工艺技术体系,现场应用效果良好。     

智能完井液控滑套开关压力设计与验证

液控滑套是智能完井系统中的核心工具,通过滑套开、关及开度变化控制不同层段的产液量。如何计算设计开关压力是智能滑套设计中需要解决的重要问题。论文分析了智能滑套开关压力与摩檫力的关系,并分析了影响摩檫力的主要因素,通过计算分析推导了滑套开关压力的计算公式,并计算了自行研制的液控滑套的开关压力。通过多次实验验证,理论计算和测得的滑套平均开关压力仅相差4%,验证了计算分析的准确性,对后续液控滑套的优化设计和智能完井系统在国内外油气田的应用具有参考意义。